uid=SEV,o=LTER,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org all public read Douglas I. Moore SEV LTER

Sevilleta LTER, 167 Castetter Hall, University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131

dmoore@sevilleta.unm.edu 9661 english

This file contains hourly meteorological data for the year 2007. These data were collected from a network of 10 permanent weather stations on the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge.

inorganic nutrients Core Areas meteorology measurements atmospheric properties humidity wind wind direction wind speed precipitation temperature air temperature maximum temperature minimum temperature soil temperature dataloggers deserts grasslands vegetation LTER Controlled Vocabulary This file contains hourly meteorological data for the year 2007. These data were collected from a network of 10 permanent weather stations on the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge. Station 40 has been in operation since the middle of 1987; Stations 41-44 were installed in the early part of 1989; Station 45 was put into operation on 26 Jan 1990 (hour 15); and Station 1 was put into test operation on 29 Dec 1991 (hr 12) and official data recording started on 01 Jan 92 (hr 01). A new station (#48) was established during 1998 (on Oct 1 1998) at a site designated as Savana (initially called Blue Springs). Station 49 was installed in the Five Points area in 1999 and named Five Points. Another new station was established in 2001 at a new core study site designated as Blue Grama and given a station ID number of 50. These data have been run through a filtering program which replaces all obviously out-of-range values with -999.000's and flags questionable values for checking by data manager.

This dataset is released to the public and may be freely downloaded. Please keep the designated Contact person informed of any plans to use the dataset. Consultation or collaboration with the original investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products that make use of the dataset must include proper acknowledgement of the Sevilleta LTER. Datasets must be cited as in the example below. Muldavin, E. 2004. Sevilleta LTER Fertilizer NPP Study Dataset. Albuquerque, NM: Sevilleta Long Term Ecological Research Site Database: SEV155. (Date of download) A copy of any publications using these data must be supplied to the Sevilleta LTER Information Manager.

http://sev.lternet.edu/node/3580 Location: Deep Well is located on McKenzie Flats and is site of the longest running SEV LTER met station, number 40, which has been active since 1988.  In addition to studies of meteorological variables, core line-intercept vegetation transects and line-intercept transects from the 1995 and 2001 Deep Well fires are sampled here.  The mini-rhizotron study, blue and black grama compositional comparison, blue and black grama patch dynamics investigation, and kangaroo rat population assessement are all ongoing here.  Deep Well Blue/Black Grama Mixed is also the location of the warming and monsoon experiments, as well as portions of the line-intercept and vegetation removal studies. On August 4, 2009, a lightning-initiated fire began on the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge. By August 5, 2009, the fire had reached the area of Deep Well Blue/Black Grama Mixed.  While portions of this site were burned, the entirety was not.  See individual projects for further information on the effects of the fire.Vegetation: The vegetation of Deep Well Blue/Black Grama Mixed is Chihuahuan Desert Grassland, dominated by black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda) and blue grama (B. gracilis). Other grasses found at the site include dropseeds (Sporobolus spp.) and threeawns (Aristida spp.). Shrubs are uncommon but those that occur include Yucca glauca, Ephedra torreyi, and four-wing saltbush (Atriplex canescens). Herbaceous plants include Plantago purshii, Hymenopappus filifolius, and globe mallows (Sphaeralcea spp.). , -106.7358 -106.7358 34.3592 34.3592 1600 1600 meter Location: South Gate is the major entry point onto the southeast side of the Sevilleta NWR. Just north of the gate is Met Station 41. Research here has included a Gunnison's prairie dog reintroduction as well as re-sampling of historic BLM 1976 vegetation transects, and juniper-creosote distribution. Vegetation is highly impacted by historical cattle grazing and is sparse. Burro grass (Scleropogon brevifolius) is dominant.siteid: 11 -106.795 -106.795 34.217 34.217 1538 1538 meter Location: The Cerro Montosa Pinyon-Juniper site has been the location of major Sevilleta LTER research since 1989. Meteorological trends, net primary productivity, rodent and ground-dwelling arthropod populations, mycorrhizal responses to fertilizer, pinyon-juniper fruit and nut production, and pinyon mortality are all being investigated at this site. Previous studies have included analyses of pinyon tree rings for regional climate reconstruction.Vegetation: The vegetation is New Mexico Pinyon-Juniper Woodland, dominated by Colorado pinyon (Pinus edulis) and one-seed juniper (Juniperus monosperma), and accompanied by gray oak (Quercus grisea). There is a diverse shrub component, including scrub live oak (Q. turbinella), mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus montanus), broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae), sacahuista (Nolina microcarpa), red barberry (Mahonia haematocarpa), Apache plume (Fallugia paradoxa), tree cholla (Opuntia imbricata), skunkbush (Rhus trilobata), and banana yucca (Yucca baccata). Grass diversity is also high, and open spaces between trees are dominated by blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), with hairy and sideoats grama (B. hirsuta and B. curtipendula) and black grama (B. eriopoda) also being significant. Other common grasses include purple threeawn (Aristida purpurea), wolftail (Lycurus phleoides), mountain and ring muhly (M. montanus and M. torreyi), and New Mexican porcupinegrass (Heterostipa neomexicana). Common forbs include small-flowered milkvetch (Astragalus nuttallianus), white sagebrush (Artemesia ludoviciana), Fendler’s arabis (Arabis fendleri), Fendler’s sandmat (Chamaesyce fendleri), New Mexico thistle (Cirsium neomexicanum), false pennyroyal (Hedeoma oblongifolia), bastard sage (Eriogonum wrightii), pingüe rubberweed (Hymenoxys richardsonii), large four o’clock (Mirabilis multiflora), Fendler's penstemon (Penstemon fendleri), and globemallows (Sphaeralcea hastulata and S. wrightii). , -106.535 -106.535 34.368 34.368 1976 1976 meter Location: This site is located in the foothills of the Sierra Ladrones on the west side of the Sevilleta NWR. Red Tank is a man-made earthen drainage pool and is the location of Met Station 43. Research conducted at the site includes soil moisture and erosion studies related to the Sierra Ladrone watershed project.Vegetation: The woody vegetation in this stream bed includes juniper (Juniperus monosperma), Brickellia californica, Apache plume (Fallugia paradoxa). On the hills are Junipers and shrubs such as cane cholla (Opuntia imbricata), beargrass (Nolina microcarpa), and Oreganillo (Aloysia wrightii). The herbs in the washes include Lesquerella ovalifolia, and Mirabilis multiflora. The grasses found at this site include three-awn (Aristida sp.), fluff-grass Erioneuron pulchellum, and four species of grama grass (Bouteloua spp.). , siteid: 12 107.036806 107.036806 34.398 34.398 1766 1766 meter Location: The Rio Salado is an ephemeral tributary of the Rio Grande on the west side of the Sevilleta NWR, flowing west by northwest to east by southeast. Rio Salado Grassland and Rio Salado Larrea are two study sites established in 1989. These sites were established as counterparts to sites at Five Points. Between 1989 and 1998, vegetation, litter decomposition, and ground dwelling arthropod and rodent populations were studied at both sites. Core studies at these sites were largely terminated in 1998, although rodent populations are still monitored at the Rio Salado Larrea site as the Small Mammal Exclosure Study's Larrea plots are co-located there. Rio Salado Grassland is the location of Met Station 44. The Rio Salado study sites are accessed by taking the San Acacia exit, going west and then taking the frontage road back north to the Sevilleta NWR gate.  After entering the refuge turn left after 0.2 mi and take this road 1.4 mi to a "T" in the road at the power lines.  An earthen berm stops road travel here and the met station is located about 300 m west on the blocked road.   Vegetation: The Rio Salado Grassland site is Plains-Mesa Sand Scrub habitat characterized by stabilized deep-sand dominated by coppice dunes of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa). Co-dominant shrubs are sand sagebrush (Artemesia filifolia) and fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens), with winterfat (Krascheninnikovia lanata), Mormon tea (Ephedra torreyana), broom indigobush (Psorothamnus scoparius), soapweed yucca (Yucca glauca), and broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae) as other notable shrubs. One-seed juniper (Juniperus monosperma) is present as well, especially along shallow washes. Compared to the Black Grama Core Site, grass cover is sparse and dominated by poverty threeawn (Aristida divaricata), Indian ricegrass (Oryzopsis hymenoides), mesa and spike dropseed (Sporobolus cryptandrus and S. contractus), as well as patches of black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda). Notable forbs included spectaclepod (Dimorphocarpa wislizenii), tansy aster (Machaeranthera tanacetifolia), desert marigold (Baileya multiradiata), Abert buckwheat (Eriogonum abertianum), dwarf gilia (Ipomopsis pumila), rattlesnake weed (Chamaesyce albomarginata), blunt tansymustard (Descarania obtusa), plains hiddenflower (Cryptantha crassisepala), and Rocky Mountain zinnia (Zinnia grandiflora)., siteid: 13 -106.9267 -106.9267 34.269 34.269 1503 1503 meter Location: Bronco Well is located near the northern boundary of the Sevilleta NWR, approximately four miles west of the ATandT on the road to Red Tank.siteid: 14 -106.934 -106.934 34.406 34.406 1547 1547 meter Location: Five Points is the area which encompasses the Five Points Black Grama and Five Points Creosote Core study sites and falls along the transition between Chihuahuan Desert Scrub and Desert Grassland habitats. Both sites are subject to intensive research activity, including NPP measurement, phenology observation, pollinator diversity studies, and ground dwelling arthropod and rodent population assessments. There are drought rain-out shelters in both the Black Grama and Creosote sites, as well as the mixed-ecotone, with co-located ET Towers.Vegetation: The Five Points Creosote site is characterized as Chihuahuan Desert Scrub, dominated by a creosotebush overstory with broom snakeweed, purple pricklypear (O. macrocentra) and soapweed yucca as notable shrubs. The site is also characterized by numerous dense grass dominated patches, reflecting proximity to the Five Points Black Grama site and the relatively recent appearance of creosotebush. Dominant grasses are black grama, fluffgrass (Dasyochloa pulchellum), burrograss (Scleropogon brevifolia), bush muhly (M. porteri), and galleta (Pleuraphis jamesii). Notable forb species include field bahia (Bahia absinthifolia), baby aster (Chaetopappa ericoides), plains hiddenflower (Cryptantha crassisepala), Indian rushpea (Hoffmannseggia glauca), Fendlers bladderpod (Lesquerella fendleri), and globemallow (Sphaeralcea spp.). Five Points Black Grama habitat is ecotonal in nature, bordering Chihuahuan Desert Scrub at its southern extent and Plains-Mesa Grassland at its northern, more mesic boundary. There is also a significant presence of shrubs, particularly broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae), along with less abundant fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens), Mormon tea (Ephedra torreyana), winterfat (Krascheninnikovia lanata), tree cholla (Opuntia imbricata), club cholla (O. clavata), desert pricklypear (O. phaeacantha), soapweed yucca (Yucca glauca), and what are presumed to be encroaching, yet sparsely distributed, creosotebush (Larrea tridentata). Characteristically, the dominant grass is black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda). Spike, sand, and mesa dropseed grasses (Sporobolus contractus, S. cryptandrus, S. flexuosus) and sand muhly (Muhlenbergia arenicola) could be considered co-dominant throughout, along with blue grama (B. gracilis) in a more mesic, shallow swale on the site. Notable forb species include trailing four o’clock (Allionia incarnata), horn loco milkvetch (Astragalus missouriensis), sawtooth spurge (Chamaesyce serrula), plains hiddenflower (Cryptantha crassisepala), blunt tansymustard (Descarania obtusa), wooly plaintain (Plantago patagonica), globemallow (Sphaeralcea wrightii), and mouse ear (Tidestromia lanuginosa)., siteid: 2 106.717 106.717 34.3381 34.3381 1615 1615 meter Location: The Blue Grama core site is one of five core SEV LTER study sites. Meteorological trends, rodent abundance, pollinator diversity, phenology, and NPP are all being investigated. Additional studies have examined the Bootleg Canyon fire of 1998 and subsequent effects on the patch dynamics of grasses.Vegetation: Vegetation is characterized as Plains-Mesa Grassland, dominated by blue and black grama (Bouteloua gracilis and B. eriopoda) and galleta grass (Pleuraphis jamesii). , -106.631 -106.631 34.3348 34.3348 1670 1670 meter Location: The UNM Field Station and USFandWS Headquarters are the primary support facilities for all research conducted on the Sevilleta NWR. As such the area has also been important as a research site - especially as regards meteorology and monitoring of rodent populations for Hantavirus. While the breaks above and behind are characterized as black grama dominated desert grassland, the immediate area around the Field Station is best described as an ecotonal mixture of Plains-Mesa Sand Scrub and Great Basin Scrub vegetaion greatly influenced by honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) and the drainages which bisect the area at regular intervals and support many one-seed Junipers (Juniperus monosperma). Dominant grasses include 4 species of dropseed (Sporobolis contractus, S. cryptandrus, S. flexuosus and S. airoides) and indian rice grass (Oryzopsis hymenoides) -106.885 -106.885 34.356 34.356 1466 1466 meter 2007-01-01 2007-12-31 To monitor meteorological conditions across the Sevilleta and surrounding areas through time. \log Jul 24, 2007File created D.M. Information Manager Sevilleta LTER SEV LTER

1 University of New Mexico Albuquerque 87131

(505) 277-2109 (505) 277.5355 data-use@sevilleta.unm.edu Sevilleta LTER

Sampling DesignStations were sited across the entire Sevilleta and surrounding areas to cover the entire spatial and elevational extent of the refuge. They were also generally located adjacent to other pertinent study locations such as plant and animal monitoring studies.Measurement Techniques Automated weather stationsEach weather station includes a 3m tripod tower, on which is mounted most of the monitoring equipment. This equipment includes an enclosure housing a datalogger and power supply. On the tripod are mounted an anemometer and wind vane; a pyranometer; and a solar radiation shield that encloses a combination temperature and relative humidity sensor. Other attached sensors are a precipitation gauge, soil temperature sensors and soil moisture potential sensors.

* Manufacturer: Campbell Scientific Inc.* Component: Datalogger - Measurement and Control Module * Model Number CR10 * Reference Manuals: CR10 Measurement and Control Module Campbell Scientific Inc. * Manufacturer: Campbell Scientific Inc. * Component: Temperature/Relative Humidity Sensor * Model Number 207 * Reference Manuals: * Manufacturer: Campbell Scientific Inc. * Component: Temperature/Relative Humidity Sensor * Model Number HMP45C * Reference Manuals: * Manufacturer: MET-ONE * Component: Cup Anemometer * Model Number 14A * Reference Manuals: * Manufacturer: MET-ONE * Component: Wind Vane * Model Number 24A * Reference Manuals: * Manufacturer: LI-COR * Component: Pyranometer * Model Number 200SZ * Reference Manuals: * Manufacturer: Texas Electronics * Component: Rain Gauge * Model Number TE525 mm * Reference Manuals: * Manufacturer: Campbell Scientific Inc. * Component: Soil Temperature Probe * Model Number 108 * Reference Manuals: * Manufacturer: Campbell Scientific Inc. * Component: Soil Temperature Probe * Model Number 107 * Reference Manuals: * Manufacturer: Campbell Scientific Inc. * Component: Soil Moisture Block * Model Number 227 * Reference Manuals: * Manufacturer: Vaisala * Component: Barometer * Model PTB101B * Reference Manuals: sev001_meteorology_2007_09102008.txt Data for SEV001. sev001_meteorology_2007_09102008.txt column , http://sev.lternet.edu/sites/default/files/data/sev-001-1/sev001_meteorology_2007_09102008_2.txt 2007-01-01 2007-12-31 Station ID Station_ID Station ID Number string 40 Deep Well Site 41 South Gate Site 42 Cerro Montosa Site 43 Watersheds Site 44 Rio Salado Site 45 Bronco Well Site 46 Langmuir Site 47 Bosque Del Apache 48 Blue Springs 49 Five Points 50 Blue Grama 01 Headquarters Year Year The year in which the data were collected. date YYYY Julian Day Jul_Day Interval of time in days since the beginning of the year. Day of the year data collected. date DDD Hour Hour Hour data logged in Military Time. Time basis is Mountain Standard Time. hour 1 real 1 24 Average Air Temperature Temp_C Sensor hgt. at 2.5 m until 14 Feb 1989 (hour 10). Thereafter, sensor hgt. at 2 m. celsius 0.001 real -20 45 Maximum Air Temperature Max_Temp_C Maximum air temperature measured during hour celsius 0.001 real -20 45 Minimum Air Temperature Min_Temp_C Minimum air temperature measured during hour celcius 0.001 real -20 45 Relative Humidity RH Mean Relative Humidity. Sensor height is 2.5 m until 14 Feb 1989 (hour 10). Thereafter, sensor hgt. at 2 m. percent 0.01 real Average Windpseed Avg_Windspeed Average of windspeed observations over the hour. Sensor height 3m. meterPerSecond 0.001 real 0 50 Windspeed Vector Vect_Windspeed Mean vectored windspeed during the hour. Sensor height is 3m. meterPerSecond 0.001 real 0 50 Wind Direction Wind_Dir Mean wind direction vector for the hour. Sensor height is 3 m. degree 0.01 real 0 360 Standard Deviation Std_Dev_Dir Standard deviation of wind direction. Sensor height is 3 m. degree 0.001 real 1 180 Maximum Windspeed Max_Windspeed Maximum wind speed measured during the hour. Sensor height is 3m. meterPerSecond 0.001 real 0 50 Minimum Windpseed Min_Windspeed Minimum wind speed recorded for the hour. Sensor height is 3m. meterPerSecond 0.001 real 0 50 Average Soil Temperature at 1 cm Temp_1_cm Mean Soil Temperature at 1 cm celcius 0.001 real -20 70 Average Soil Temperature at 10 cm Temp_10_cm Mean soil temperature at 10 cm celcius 0.001 real -20 40 Vapor Pressure Vapor_Pres Started collecting this variable in Dec 90. Vapor pressure as calculated from the relative humidyt from the 207 temp/Relative humidity sensor. Computational method for derived data: saturation vapor pressure at measured temperature times measured relative humidity millibar 0.001 real 0 30 Precipitation Precip Rain gauge height at 0.5 m. Precipitation total during hour. millimeter 0.001 real Soil Moisture Potential at 10 cm Mois_10_cm Note that the the values in this field are shown as positive values, but in reality are negative; thus,greater magnitudes represent drier soils. Soil moisture potential at 10 cm as measured with a gypsum block bar 0.001 real 0 40 Soil Moisture potential at 30 cm Mois_30_cm Note that the the values in this field are shown as positive values, but in reality are negative; thus,greater magnitudes represent drier soils. Soil moisture potential at 30 cm as measured with a gypsum block. bar 0.001 real 0 40 Solar Radiation Solar_Rad Sensor height at 3 m. Hourly Solar Flux joulePerCentimeterSquared 0.001 real Max Solar Radiation Max_Solar_Rad Sensor hgt. at 3 m. Note: started collecting this variable in Dec 90. Maximum Solar radiation reading during hour. joulePerCentimeterSquared 0.001 real Minimum Solar Radiation Min_Solar_Rad Sensor hgt. at 3 m. Note: started collecting this variable in Dec 90. Minimum solar radiation reading during hour. joulePerCentimeterSquared 0.001 real Pan Evaporation Evap Started collecting this variable in May 92 - at Station 1 only. Evaporation from pan during hour millimeter 0.001 real Evaporation Pan Water Temperature Evap_pan_temp Temperature of water in the Evaporation Pan using a 107 sensor. Started collecting in Sep 92. celcius 0.001 real Barometric Pressure Bar_Press Barometric pressure adjusted to sea level. Started collecting in Mar 93 - at Station 1 only. millibar 0.001 real ratio of two quantities as percent composition (1:100) meters per second